Journal
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 236, Issue 9, Pages 987-996Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011107
Keywords
stem cell; embryonic stem cell; ES cell; ESC; IPS cell; IPSC; induced pluripotent stem cell; DNA damage; genomic instability
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Funding
- NIH [R01 ES012695, T32 ES007250]
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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, self-renewing cells that are isolated during the blastocyst stage of embryonic development. Whether these cells are derived from humans, mice or other organisms, all ESCs must employ mechanisms that prevent the propagation of mutations, generated as a consequence of DNA damage, to somatic cells produced by normal programmed differentiation. Thus, the prevention of mutations in ESCs is important not only for the health of the individual organism derived from these cells but also, in addition, for the continued survival and genetic viability of the species by preventing the accumulation of mutations in the germline. Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) are reprogrammed somatic cells that share several characteristics with ESCs, including a similar morphology in culture, the re-expression of pluripotency markers and the ability to differentiate into defined cell lineages. This review focuses on the mechanisms employed by murine ESCs, human ESCs and, where data are available, IPSCs to preserve genetic integrity.
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