Journal
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 235, Issue 9, Pages 1025-1033Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010021
Keywords
nanoparticles; particulate matter; nanotoxicity; oxidative stress; lung injury; pulmonary fibrosis
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Funding
- Singapore Ministry of Education [MOE2008-T2-1-046]
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute (NER1) [R706000002646]
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In recent decades, advances in nanotechnology engineering have given rise to the rapid development of many novel applications in the biomedical field. However, studies into the health and safety of these nanomaterials are still lacking. The main concerns are the adverse effects to health caused by acute or chronic exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), especially in the workplace environment. The lung is one of the main routes of entry for NPs into the body and, hence, a likely site for accumulation of NPs. Once NPs enter the interstitial air spaces and are quickly taken up by alveolar cells, they are likely to induce toxic effects. In this review, we highlight the different aspects of lung toxicity resulting from NP exposure, such as generation of oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation leading to fibrosis and pneumoconiosis, and the underlying mechanisms causing pulmonary toxicity.
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