Journal
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 233, Issue 4, Pages 394-400Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.3181/0709-MR-243
Keywords
axon initial segment; nodes of Ranvier; cytoskeleton; spectrin; ankyrin; protein 4.1
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Funding
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS044916] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS044916] Funding Source: Medline
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In myelinated nerve fibers, action potential initiation and propagation requires that voltage-gated ion channels be clustered at high density in the axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier. The molecular organization of these subdomains depends on specialized cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins such as spectrins, ankyrins, and 4.1 proteins. These cytoskeletal proteins are considered to be important for 1) formation, localization, and maintenance of specific integral membrane protein complexes, 2) a barrier restricting the diffusion of both cytoplasmic and membrane proteins to distinct regions or compartments of the cell, and 3) stabilization of axonal membrane integrity. Increased insights into the role of the cytoskeleton could provide important clues about the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders.
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