Temperature-dependent development of the predatory mite Cheyletus malaccensis (Acari: Cheyletidae)

The effect of temperature on the development of immature stages of the predator Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans, produced by either fertilized or virgin females, was studied at 17.5, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, and 35A degrees C, 80 +/- A 5% relative humidity, in complete darkness, and fed Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). The population maintained at 15A degrees C failed to reproduce. The thermal data obtained were used for the estimation of the thermal requirements (developmental thresholds, thermal constant, optimum temperature) of this predator by a linear and nonlinear model (Logan type I model). Upper and lower developmental thresholds ranged between 37.4-37.8 and 11.6-12.0A degrees C, respectively. Optimum temperature for development was estimated at between 33.1 and 33.5A degrees C. The thermal constant ranged between 238.1 and 312.5 degree-days. Based on the data of the total pre-imaginal period, immatures' survival peaked at 25A degrees C. Arrhenotokous parthenogenesis (haplodiploidy) is confirmed in the species: virgin females always produce males, whereas fertilized females give rise to offspring of both sexes. Survival of the immature stages and offspring sex ratio were not significantly influenced by temperature.