Journal
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
Volume 42, Issue 4, Pages 183-192Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000026
Keywords
tendon; ligaments; strength; female hormones; collagen; women
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Funding
- Danish Rheumatism Association
- Danish Medical Research Council
- Danish Health Science Research Board
- Nordea Foundation
- Lundbeck Foundation
- A.P. Moller Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Science
- Ministry of Culture Committee on Sports Research
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- HS Foundation
- Eva and Henry Fraenkels Memorial Foundation
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Women differ from men with regard to muscle and tendon, most likely because of sex differences in estrogen. The present experimental findings suggest the hypothesis that estrogen has an anabolic effect on muscle primarily by lowering the protein turnover and enhancing sensitivity to resistance training. Furthermore, estrogen may reduce the stiffness of tendons, an effect that may be modified by physical training.
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