Image registration improves human knee cartilage T1 mapping with delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC)

To evaluate the effect of automated registration in delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) of the knee on the occurrence of movement artefacts on the T1 map and the reproducibility of region-of-interest (ROI)-based measurements. Eleven patients with early-stage knee osteoarthritis and ten healthy controls underwent dGEMRIC twice at 3 T. Controls underwent unenhanced imaging. ROIs were manually drawn on the femoral and tibial cartilage. T1 calculation was performed with and without registration of the T1-weighted images. Automated three-dimensional rigid registration was performed on the femur and tibia cartilage separately. Registration quality was evaluated using the square root Cram,r-Rao lower bound (CRLB sigma). Additionally, the reproducibility of dGEMRIC was assessed by comparing automated registration with manual slice-matching. Automated registration of the T1-weighted images improved the T1 maps as the 90% percentile of the CRLB sigma was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with a median reduction of 55.8 ms (patients) and 112.9 ms (controls). Manual matching and automated registration of the re-imaged T1 map gave comparable intraclass correlation coefficients of respectively 0.89/0.90 (patients) and 0.85/0.85 (controls). Registration in dGEMRIC reduces movement artefacts on T1 maps and provides a good alternative to manual slice-matching in longitudinal studies.