Film-forming characteristics and thermal stability of low viscosity benzoxazines derived from melamine

A novel class of low-viscosity benzoxazines has been synthesized from melamine and formaldehyde with phenol or bisphenol A. The striking feature of the class of benzoxazines is the subtle combination of their inherently low viscosity at room temperature, good film-forming characteristics and high chemical and thermal stability mainly due to the introduction of melamine into the network of the polymers. The structure of the benzoxazines has been confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal properties of polybenzoxazine have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Transparent polybenzoxazine films were easily obtained under solvent-free conditions, exhibiting significantly improved toughness compared to the conventional polybenzoxazines. Our research may open a new path for overcoming the present drawbacks of polybenzoxazines such as high brittleness, the difficulties in preparing films and poor processibility via tailoring the structures and properties of amine in the benzoxazines. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.