Journal
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
Volume 49, Issue 10, Pages 3171-3180Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.009
Keywords
Polyurea; Epoxy resin; Phosphorus flame retardants; Oxidation state; Thermal properties; Cone calorimetry
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Funding
- US Air Force [FA8650-07-1-5901]
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The focus of this study is an investigation of the effect of oxidation state of phosphorus in phosphorus-based flame retardants on the thermal and flame retardant properties of polyurea and epoxy resin. Three different oxidation states of phosphorus (phosphite, phosphate and phosphine oxide) additives, with different thermal stabilities at a constant phosphorus content (1.5 wt.%) have been utilized. Thermal and flame retardant properties were studied by TGA and cone calorimetry, respectively. The thermal stability of both polymers decreases upon the incorporation of phosphorus flame retardants irrespective of oxidation state and a greater amount of residue was observed in the case of phosphite. Phosphate was found to be better flame retardant in polyurea, whereas phosphite is suitable for epoxy resin. Phosphite will react with epoxy resin by trans-esterification, which is demonstrated by FTIR and P-31 NMR. Further, TG-FTIR and XPS studies also provide information on flame retardancy of both polymers with phosphorus flame retardants. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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