Estimation of interphase thickness and properties in PP/layered silicate nanocomposites

Nanocomposites were prepared from sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) and organoclays (OMMT) with different particle sizes as a function of silicate content. Composite structure was characterized by various methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rheology. Model calculations were carried out to estimate the thickness and yield stress of the interphase forming in the composites. The results proved the formation of an interphase, but the determination of interphase properties was hampered by several factors. First of all, the particle size of the filler changed quite considerably in PP/OMMT composites in spite of earlier observations and expectations. Particle characteristics changed even further when a relatively small amount (5 vol.%) of functionalized polymer (MAPP) was added to the composite. As a consequence, the estimation of the contact surface between the silicate and the polymer became extremely difficult. In spite of the uncertainties overall values of interphase properties were obtained using the results of all composites prepared. The prediction for the average thickness of the interphase is 0.23 mu m and we obtained 51.2 MPa for interphase yield stress, but this estimate neglects the different interactions developing in composites containing the uncoated and the modified silicate, respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.