Journal
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 28, Issue 11, Pages 1185-1193Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.006
Keywords
Neurological soft signs; Bipolar disorder; Schizophrenia; Meta-analysis; Systematic review
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Neurological soft signs (NSS) are subtle deficits in motor coordination, sensory integration, and sequencing of complex motor acts. Increased NSS is a well-established feature of patients with schizophrenia but a relatively smaller number of studies have investigated NSS in bipolar disorder (BD). Some authors but not others suggested that NSS can distinguish schizophrenia from BD. We conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies to quantitatively review NSS in BD in comparison to schizophrenia and healthy controls. The current meta-analysis compared NSS scores of 725 BD patients and 634 healthy controls, and 391 BD and 471 schizophrenia patients. Patients with BD had significantly higher NSS scores (d = 1.14, CI = 0.89-1.44) than healthy controls and increased scores in BD was evident in all aspects of NSS (d = 0.88-0.99). BD was associated with a less severe increase in NSS compared to schizophrenia, however, between-group difference was modest (d = 0.42, CI = 0.18-0.65). The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that BD is characterized by a robust increase in NSS which is only moderately less severe than schizophrenia. Increased NSS is a common feature of both disorders. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.
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