IVIM-DWI of transplanted kidneys: Reduced diffusion and perfusion dependent on cold ischemia time

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cold ischemia time (CIT) of renal allografts on diffusion and perfusion using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) derived parameters. Material and methods: A total of 37 patients with renal allografts (CIT: 27 < 15 h, 10 >= 15 h) and 30 individuals with healthy kidneys were examined at 1.5 T using a single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted pulse sequence with nine b-values ranging from 0 to 800s/mm(2). ADC, perfusion fraction f, and the diffusion coefficient D were calculated using the IVIM model. Parameters of allografts stratified by CIT were compared with healthy kidney groups using the Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired data. We computed the Spearman correlation coefficient for correlation with creatinine values. Results: ADC, D, and f of transplanted kidneys were significantly lower than in the healthy controls. The long-CIT group showed significantly lower diffusion parameters compared with the short-CIT group [mean+/-SD]: ADC: 1.63+/-0.14 mu m(2)/ms, f: 11.90+/-5.22%, D: 1.55+/-0.25 mu m(2)/ms versus ADC: 1.79+/-0.13 mu m(2)/ms, f: 16.12 +/- 3.43%, D: 1.73+/-0.14 mu m(2)/ms, P-ADC,P- f,P- D < 0.05. Conclusion: Our results suggest that diffusion parameters, especially the ADC, depend on the CIT of the kidney allograft. Potentially, this stands for functional changes in renal allografts. Diffusion-weighted imaging could be used for follow-up examinations. Thus, diffusion parameters may help guide therapy in patients with delayed graft function. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.