Cavity-Directed Chromism of Phthalein Dyes

Phthalein dyes in the quinone dianion form (pseudo-D-3, colored) are transformed into the lactone dianion form (pseudo-T-d, colorless) through encapsulation in a T-d-symmetric host even under basic conditions (pH similar to 10). The compatibility in size and symmetry between the lactone and the cavity is essential to the transformation. Upon addition of a guest that strongly binds to the cavity, the encapsulated phenolphthalein is expelled, the color of the basic solution is regained, and the host guest complexation is thus visualized.