Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 643, Issue 2-3, Pages 304-315Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.044
Keywords
Splanchnic artery occlusion; Glutamine; Inflammation; Apoptosis; NF-kB
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Funding
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and damage, leading to the pathophysiology of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glutamine on the tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion of the gut. Ischemia/reperfusion injury of the intestine was caused by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk for 30 min followed by the release of the clamp allowing reperfusion for 1 h. This procedure results in splanchnic artery occlusion-injury. Based on our findings we propose that the amino acid glutamine, administered 15 min before reperfusion at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg, i.v. may be useful in the treatment of various ischemia and reperfusion diseases. The present study was performed in order to determine the pharmacological effects of glutamine ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury in rats. In particular, to gain a better insight into the mechanism(s) of action of glutamine, we evaluated the following endpoints of the inflammatory response: (1) histological damage; (2) neutrophil infiltration of the reperfused intestine (MPO activity); (3) NF-kappa B activation and cytokines production; (4) expression of ICAM-1 and P-selectin during reperfusion; (5) nitrotyrosine and poly-ADP-ribose formation; (6) pro-inflammatory cytokine production; (7) inducible nitric oxide synthase expression; (8) apoptosis as shown by TUNEL staining and (9) Bax/Bcl-2 expression. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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