Dental Aesthetic Index scores and perception of personal dental appearance among Turkish university students

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Turkish university students' awareness of malocclusion, their satisfaction with their personal dental appearance, and the severity of their occlusal irregularities. The sample consisted of 841 randomly selected university students, 522 (62.1 per cent) males and 319 (37.9 per cent) females, aged 17-26 years (mean age, 21.91 +/- 1.92 years). A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the subjects' awareness of malocclusion and satisfaction with their personal dental appearance; the actual severity of malocclusion was determined using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square for gender differences and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients for awareness of malocclusion, satisfaction with personal dental appearance, and DAI scores. Analysis of variance and univariate analysis, with age and gender as the independent variables, were further used to analyse the data. Weak but statistically significant, negative, correlations were found between awareness of malocclusion and satisfaction at the following DAI scores: <= 25 (r = -0.264, P < 0.001), 26-30 (r = -0.381, P < 0.001), and >= 36 (r = -0.477, P < 0.001), and a statistically insignificant, negative correlation at a score of 31-35 (r = -0.102, P > 0.05). A statistically significant association was found between DAI and awareness of malocclusion (r = -0.305) and satisfaction with dental appearance (r = 0.234). There were no significant associations between the department in which the individuals studied and the investigated variables (P > 0.05). DAI scores were significantly higher for females. Generally, no statistically significant gender differences were found in relation to DAI scores, awareness, or satisfaction (P > 0.05). The findings of this study showed that age had a significant effect on satisfaction and gender on DAI score variation. Females had a greater need for normative treatment except in the 20- to 22-year-olds, and satisfaction decreased with age.