Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 2014, Issue 30, Pages 6583-6614Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402226
Keywords
Synthetic methods; Photochemistry; Polymers; Conjugated polymers; Organic solar cells; Organic semiconductors
Categories
Funding
- Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)
- University of Bari (PRIN) [2012-2012 A4Z2RY]
- ENI Spa
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An overview of the organometallic synthetic approaches to low-band-gap polymers for organic solar cells from 2008 to the present is reported. The key role of the synthetic methods in development of materials with increasing performances is outlined, with consideration not only of research laboratory criteria, but also of parameters relevant to mass production: synthetic complexity, amount and toxicity of reactants and by-products, and purification steps. The review is organized into sections covering the different organometallic polymerization reactions, also including olefin metathesis and the most recent results on direct arylation processes that appear particularly promising in terms of reduced synthetic complexity, costs, and byproducts. In the last section of the review, the discussed synthetic methods are reconsidered from the perspective of industrial scalability, which is one of the most critical issues for making OPV technology an effective route to solar energy exploitation. Interesting considerations are drawn on these basis, and directions for future developments in terms of requirements of the synthetic protocols are outlined.
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