Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
Volume 237, Issue 3, Pages 1105-1118Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2014.02.054
Keywords
Crowd dynamics; Evacuation; Simulation; Cellular automata; Genetic algorithms
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The paper presents a simulation-optimization modeling framework for the evacuation of large-scale pedestrian facilities with multiple exit gates. The framework integrates a genetic algorithm (GA) and a microscopic pedestrian simulation-assignment model. The GA searches for the optimal evacuation plan, while the simulation model guides the search through evaluating the quality of the generated evacuation plans. Evacuees are assumed to receive evacuation instructions in terms of the optimal exit gates and evacuation start times. The framework is applied to develop an optimal evacuation plan for a hypothetical crowded exhibition hall. The obtained results show that the model converges to a superior optimal evacuation plan within an acceptable number of iterations. In addition, the obtained evacuation plan outperforms conventional plans that implement nearest-gate immediate evacuation strategies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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