Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 3254-3264Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00376
Keywords
sodium ion batteries; anode; phosphorus; carbon nanotubes
Categories
Funding
- Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]
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Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been,considered as a top alternative to lithium ion batteries due to the earth abundance and low cost of sodium compared With lithium. Among all proposed anode materials for SIBs, red phosphorus (P) is a very promising candidate because it:has the highest theoretical capacity (similar to 2600 mAh/g). In this study, a red P-single-walled carbon nanotube (denoted as red P-SWCNT) composite, in which red P is uniformly distributed between tangled SWCNTs bundles, is fabricated by a modified vaporization-condensation method. Benefiting from the nondestructive preparation process, the highly conductive and mechanically strong SWCNT network is preserved, which enhances the conductivity of the composite and stabilizes the solid electrolyte interphase. As a result, the red P-SWCNT composite presents a-high overall sodium storage capacity (similar to 700 mAh/g(composite) at 50 mA/g(composite)), fast rate capability (similar to 300 mAh/g(composite) at 2000 mA/g(composite)), and stable long-term cycling performance with 80% capacity retention after 2000 sodiation-desodiation cycles. The red P-SWCNT composite fabricated by the vaporization condensation method significantly extends the cycling stability of P/carbon composite from current similar to 100 cycles to similar to 2000 cycles.
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