Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue 5, Pages 1264-1273Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242990
Keywords
Cytokines; Extracellular bacteria; Human mucosa; Innate immunity; Plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cell
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Funding
- International Cooperation Inserm-Conicyt
- Conicyt Doctoral Fellowship
- Conicyt PFB-16
- Universite Paris-5 Rene Descartes Mobility fellowship
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
- Fondation pour le Recherche Medicale (FRM)
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Plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized in responding to nucleic acids, and link innate with adaptive immunity. Although the response of pDCs to viruses is well established, whether pDCs can respond to extracellular bacteria remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus activate pDCs to produce IFN-, TNF-, IL-6, and to upregulate CD86 expression. We observed that pDCs were present within tonsillar crypts and oro-nasopharyngeal epithelium, where they may contact extracellular bacteria, in situ. Tonsil epithelium-conditioned supernatants inhibited IFN-, TNF-, and IL-6 triggered by the direct contact of N. meningitidis or S. aureus with pDCs. However, pDC priming of naive T cells was not affected, suggesting that tonsil epithelium micro-environment limits local inflammation while preserving adaptive immunity in response to extracellular bacteria. Our results reveal an important and novel function of pDCs in the initiation of the mucosal innate and adaptive immunity to extracellular bacteria.
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