Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 40, Issue 5, Pages 1232-1240Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940045
Keywords
Allergy; Allergen-specific immunotherapy; Tolerance; Treg
Categories
Funding
- Swiss National Foundation [32-125249, 32-118226]
- Global Allergy and Asthma European Network
- Christine Kuhne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE)
- Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia
- FECYT (Spain)
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Allergy is a Th2-mediated disease that involves the formation of specific IgE antibodies against innocuous environmental substances. The prevalence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased over the past decades, affecting up to 30% of the population in industrialized countries. The understanding of mechanisms underlying allergic diseases as well as those operating in non-allergic healthy responses and allergen-specific immunotherapy has experienced exciting advances over the past 15 years. Studies in healthy non-atopic individuals and several clinical trials of allergen-specific immunotherapy have demonstrated that the induction of a tolerant state in peripheral T cells represent a key step in healthy immune responses to allergens. Both naturally occurring thymus-derived CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) Treg and inducible type 1 Treg inhibit the development of allergy via several mechanisms, including suppression of other effector Th1, Th2, Th17 cells; suppression of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils; Ab isotype change from IgE to IgG4; suppression of inflammatory DC; and suppression of inflammatory cell migration to tissues. The identification of the molecules involved in these processes will contribute to the development of more efficient and safer treatment modalities.
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