Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 40, Issue 2, Pages 366-377Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939798
Keywords
B cells; Cell differentiation; Immune responses; Immune regulation
Categories
Funding
- NIH/NIAID [A1051354, T32-A160555, T32 HL07013-31A1]
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Rapidly induced, specific Ab generated in extrafollicular foci are important components of early immune protection to influenza virus. The signal(s) that prompt B cells to participate in extrafollicular rather than germinal center responses are incompletely understood. To study the regulation of early B-cell differentiation events following influenza infection, we exploited earlier findings of a strong contribution of C12 idiotype-expressing B cells to the primary HA-specific response against influenza A/PR/8/34. Using an idiotype-specific mAb to C12 and labeled HA, in conjunction with multicolor flow cytometry, we followed the fate of C12Id-expressing influenza HA-specific B cells in WT BALB/c mice, requiring neither genetic manipulation nor adoptive cell transfer. our studies demonstrate that HA-specific C12Id(+) B cells are phenotypically indistinguishable from follicular B cells. While they induced both extrafollicular and germinal center responses, extrafollicular responses were strongly predominant. Provision of increased HA-specific T-cell help increased the magnitude of the extrafollicular response, but did not shift the C12Id(+) response toward germinal center formation. Collectively the data are consistent with the hypothesis that B-cell fate determination following activation is a stochastic process in which infection-induced innate signals might drive the preferential expansion of the early extrafollicular response.
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