Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 24, Issue 5, Pages 217-224Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-009-9331-1
Keywords
Causal inference; Counterfactual; Direct and indirect effects; Mechanism; Mediation; Sufficient cause
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The concepts of mediation and mechanism are contrasted and logical implications holding between theses two concepts are described. The concept of mediation can be formalized using counterfactual definitions of indirect effects; the concept of mechanism can be formalized within the sufficient cause framework. It is shown that both concepts can be illustrated using a single causal diagram. It is also shown that mediation implies mechanism but mechanism need not imply mediation. Discussion is given regarding how the distinction between statistical causality and mechanistic causality is blurred by recent work in causal inference concerning methods for testing for mediation and mechanism.
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