Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 69, Issue 4, Pages 455-461Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.249
Keywords
-
Categories
Funding
- EU FP6 programme [LSHM-CT-2006-037197]
- NL Agency grant [IGE05012]
- Incentive Grant from the Board of the UMC Utrecht (Netherlands)
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS)
- Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR)
- LK Research Funds
- Dutch Prevention Funds
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland)
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)
- Statistics Netherlands (Netherlands)
- FLC: Cancer Research UK
- PWF: Swedish Research Council
- Novo nordisk
- Swedish Heart Lung Foundation
- Swedish Diabetes Association
- Danish Cancer Society
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- JRQ: Asturias Regional Government
- MT: Health Research Fund (FIS)
- Spanish Ministry of Health
- CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Spain
- Murcia Regional Government [6236]
- AIRE-ONLUS Ragusa, AVIS-Ragusa, Sicilian Regional Government
- MRC [MC_UU_12015/5, MC_UU_12015/1, MC_UP_A100_1003] Funding Source: UKRI
- Cancer Research UK [16491] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12015/1, G0401527, G1000143, MC_UP_A100_1003, MC_U106179471, MC_UU_12015/5] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0512-10114, NF-SI-0512-10135] Funding Source: researchfish
Ask authors/readers for more resources
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diets high in saturated and trans fat and low in unsaturated fat may increase type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but studies on foods high in fat per unit weight are sparse. We assessed whether the intake of vegetable oil, butter, margarine, nuts and seeds and cakes and cookies is related to incident T2D. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A case-cohort study was conducted, nested within eight countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC), with 12 403 incident T2D cases and a subcohort of 16 835 people, identified from a cohort of 340 234 people. Diet was assessed at baseline (1991-1999) by country-specific questionnaires. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) across four categories of fatty foods (nonconsumers and tertiles among consumers) were combined with random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: After adjustment not including body mass index (BMI), nonconsumers of butter, nuts and seeds and cakes and cookies were at higher T2D risk compared with the middle tertile of consumption. Among consumers, cakes and cookies were inversely related to T2D (HRs across increasing tertiles 1.14, 1.00 and 0.92, respectively; P-trend <0.0001). All these associations attenuated upon adjustment for BMI, except the higher risk of nonconsumers of cakes and cookies (HR 1.57). Higher consumption of margarine became positively associated after BMI adjustment (HRs across increasing consumption tertiles: 0.93, 1.00 and 1.12; P-trend 0.03). Within consumers, vegetable oil, butter and nuts and seeds were unrelated to T2D. CONCLUSIONS: Fatty foods were generally not associated with T2D, apart from weak positive association for margarine. The higher risk among nonconsumers of cakes and cookies needs further explanation.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available