Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 90, Issue 12, Pages 990-999Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.08.001
Keywords
Ciliary neurotrophic factor; Leukemia inhibitory factor; Neurite outgrowth; Neuronal survival
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Funding
- European Union [LSHM-CT-2005-512012]
- Danish Research School in Molecular Cancer Research
- Graduate School of Neuroscience
- NeuroCluster at University of Copenhagen
- Danish Research Councils
- Lundbeck Foundation
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Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induces neuronal differentiation and promotes the survival of various neuronal cell types by binding to a receptor complex formed by CNTF receptor a (CNTFR alpha), gp130, and the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor (LIFR). The CD loop-D helix region of CNTF has been suggested to be important for the cytokine interaction with LIFR. We designed a peptide, termed cintrofin, that encompasses this region. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that cintrofin bound to LIFR and gp130, but not to CNTFRa, with apparent K(D) values of 35 nM and 1.1 nm, respectively. Cintrofin promoted the survival of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), in which cell death was induced either by potassium withdrawal or H(2)O(2) treatment. Cintrofin induced neurite outgrowth from CGNs, and this effect was inhibited by specific antibodies against both gp130 and LIFR, indicating that these receptors are involved in the effects of cintrofin. The C-terminal part of the peptide, corresponding to the D helix region of CNTF, was shown to be essential for the neuritogenic action of the peptide. CNTF and LIF induced neurite outgrowth in CGNs plated on laminin-coated slides. On uncoated slides, CNTF and LIF had no neuritogenic effect but were able to inhibit cintrofin-induced neuronal differentiation, indicating that cintrofin and cytokines compete for the same receptors. In addition, cintrofin induced the phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt, and ERK, indicating that it exerts cell signaling properties similar to those induced by CNTF and may be a valuable survival agent with possible therapeutic potential. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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