Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 50, Issue 4, Pages 753-764Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.12.004
Keywords
Castration resistant prostate cancer; Molecular biology; Androgen receptor; Novel therapeutics
Categories
Funding
- Cancer Research UK programme grant
- Experimental Cancer Medical Centre (ECMC) grant from Cancer Research UK
- Department of Health [C51/A7401]
- Biomedical Research Centre
- Ortho Biotech Oncology Research and Development (a unit of Cougar Biotechnology)
- Amgen
- Astellas
- AstraZeneca
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Bristol - Myers Squibb
- Dendreon
- Enzon
- Exelixis
- Genentech
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Medivation
- Merck
- Novartis
- Pfizer
- Roche
- Sanofi - Aventis
- Supergen
- Takeda
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Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in Western Europe, of which approximately 10-20% presents with advanced or metastatic disease. Initial response with androgen deprivation therapy is almost universal, but progression to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), an incurable disease, occurs in approximately 2-3 years. In recent years, the novel taxane cabazitaxel, the hormonal agents abiraterone and enzalutamide, the immunotherapeutic agent sipuleucel-T and the radiopharmaceutical radium-223 have been shown to prolong survival in large randomised trials, thus widely increasing the therapeutic armamentarium against the disease. Despite these advances, the median survival in the first-line setting of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is still up to 25 months and in the post-docetaxel setting is about 15-18 months. There is an urgent need for the development of biomarkers of treatment response, and for a deeper understanding of tumour heterogeneity and the molecular biology underlying the disease. In this review, we attempt to provide insight into the novel molecular targets showing promise in clinical trials. Crown Copyright (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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