Journal
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 152, Issue -, Pages 62-75Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.018
Keywords
Genistein; Prostate cancer; Estrogen receptor beta; Promoter methylation
Funding
- NIH [116195]
- Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education [GM 0842]
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Genistein has protective effects against prostate cancer (PCa) but whether this protection involves an estrogen receptor (ER) beta dependent mechanism has yet to be elucidated. ER-beta has a tumor suppressor role in PCa and its levels decline with cancer progression which was linked to ER-beta promoter hypermethylation. Genistein has been suggested to have demethylating activities in cancer. However, the ability of genistein-to reverse ER-beta promoter hypermethylation in PCa has not been studied. In addition, there are great discrepancies among studies that examined the effect of genistein on ER-beta gene expression. Therefore, we sought to explore effects of genistein on ER-beta promoter methylation as a mechanism of modulating ER-beta expression using three PCa cell lines, LNCaP, LAPC-4 and PC-3. We also examined the role of ER-beta in mediating the preventive action of genistein. Our data demonstrated that genistein at physiological ranges (0.5-10 mu mol/L) reduced ER-beta promoter methylation significantly with corresponding dose-dependent increases in ER-beta expression in LNCaP and LAPC-4 but not in PC-3 cells, which could be attributed to the low basal levels of ER-beta promoter methylation in PC-3 cell line. Genistein induced phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of ER-beta in all three PCa cell lines. Inhibitory effects of genistein on LAPC-4 and PC-3 cell proliferation were diminished using a specific ER-beta antagonist. In conclusion, genistein and ER-beta act together to prevent PCa cell proliferation; genistein increases ER-beta levels via reducing its promoter methylation and ER-beta, in turn, mediates the preventive action of genistein. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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