Erythrocyte-rich thrombus aspirated from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: association with oxidative stress and its impact on myocardial reperfusion

Recent studies have demonstrated that erythrocytes are a potential component in atheromatous lesions and thrombus formation in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of red blood cell (RBC) component of coronary thrombi with oxidative stress and myocardial reperfusion. Aspirated thrombi from 178 STEMI patients within 12 h of symptom onset were investigated immunohistochemically using antibodies against platelets, RBCs, fibrin, macrophages, and neutrophils [myeloperoxidase (MPO)]. The thrombi were divided into tertiles according to the percentage of glycophorin-A-positive area: low (glycophorin-A-positive area 33; n 60), intermediate (54 to 33; n 59), and high group (epsilon 54; n 59). We also measured plasma MPO levels on admission. In the thrombi, the number of MPO-positive cells in the high-RBC group was significantly greater than that in the low-RBC group (high, 927 385; intermediate, 765 406; low, 279 220 cells/mm(2); P 0.0001). Plasma MPO levels were significantly higher in the high-RBC group than that in the low-RBC group [low 43.1 (25.071.6); intermediate 71.0 (32.9111.2); high 74.3 (31.1126.4)ng/mL; P 0.005]. Distal embolization occurred more frequently in the high-RBC group (P 0.0009). Moreover, the signs of impaired myocardial reperfusion, as indicated by incomplete ST-segment resolution (STR) and lower myocardial blush grades (MBG), and progression of left ventricular remodelling at 6 months were frequently observed in the high-RBC group (high vs. low: STR, P 0.056; MBG, P 0.01; remodelling, P 0.01). The present study demonstrated that erythrocyte-rich thrombi contain more inflammatory cells and reflect high thrombus burden, leading to impaired myocardial reperfusion in STEMI patients.