Journal
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
Volume 31, Issue 24, Pages 3063-3072Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq355
Keywords
Adiposity; BMI; Children; Cardiovascular risk; ALSPAC
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council
- Wellcome Trust
- UK Department of Health
- Department of the Environment
- DFEE
- National Institutes of Health
- British Heart Foundation [FS05/125]
- Pfizer
- GSK
- Novo Nordisk
- Abbott Laboratories
- Johnson and Johnson (Ethicon)
- Amylin
- British Heart Foundation [RG/10/004/28240] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G9815508, G0600705] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0600705] Funding Source: UKRI
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To examine the associations of several markers of adiposity and a wide range of cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers in pre-pubertal children. Four measures of adiposity,body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-determined fat mass, and leptin concentration, were available in up to 7589 children aged 8.8-11.7 (9.9 mean) years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Thirteen per cent of boys and 18.8% of girls were overweight, and 5.3% of boys and 5% of girls were obese. Body mass index was highly correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.91), DXA fat mass (r = 0.87), and leptin concentration (r = 0.75), and all had similar associations with cardiovascular risk factors. A 1 kg/m(2) greater BMI was associated with 1.4mmHg (95% CI 1.25-1.44) higher systolic blood pressure (BP). In 5002 children, a 1 kg/m(2) greater BMI was associated with a 0.05 mmol/L (95% CI 0.036-0.055) higher non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and 0.03 mmol/L (95% CI -0.034 to -0.025) lower HDL cholesterol. There were also graded associations with apolipoproteins A1 and B, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein. Comparing children who were obese with those who were normal weight, the odds ratio for hypertension was 10.7 (95% CI 7.2-15.9) for boys and 13.5 (95% CI 9.4-19.5) for girls. In pre-pubertal UK children, overweight/obesity is common and has broadly similar associations with BP, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol to those observed in adults. Future research should evaluate whether effective interventions to maintain healthy weight in childhood could have important benefits for adult cardiovascular risk.
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