Journal
ESSAYS IN BIOCHEMISTRY: MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION
Volume 47, Issue -, Pages 69-84Publisher
PORTLAND PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.1042/BSE0470069
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Funding
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [U24 DK059635, R01 DK040936] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK040936, U24DK059635] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Although it is well established that physical activity increases mitochondrial content in muscle, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have only recently been elucidated. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important component of different diseases associated with aging, such as Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. PGC-1 alpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha) is a co-transcriptional regulation factor that induces mitochondrial biogenesis by activating different transcription factors, including nuclear respiratory factor I and nuclear respiratory factor 2, which activate mitochondrial transcription factor A. The latter drives transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA. PGC-1 alpha itself is regulated by several different key factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, which will be reviewed in this chapter. Of those, AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is of major importance. AMPK acts as an energy sensor of the cell and works as a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. AMPK activity has been shown to decrease with age, which may contribute to decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and function with aging. Given the potentially important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases and in the process of aging, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function may provide potentially important novel therapeutic targets.
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