Journal
EPIGENETICS
Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 204-211Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/epi.26939
Keywords
X chromosome inactivation; mouse; nuclear transfer; embryo
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25112009, 23221010, 23651189, 23680048, 23220011] Funding Source: KAKEN
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During mouse development, imprinted X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is observed in preimplantation embryos and is inherited to the placental lineage, whereas random XCI is initiated in the embryonic proper. Xist RNA, which triggers XCI, is expressed ectopically in cloned embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). To understand these mechanisms, we undertook a large-scale nuclear transfer study using different donor cells throughout the life cycle. The Xist expression patterns in the reconstructed embryos suggested that the nature of imprinted XCI is the maternal Xist-repressing imprint established at the last stage of oogenesis. Contrary to the prevailing model, this maternal imprint is erased in both the embryonic and extraembryonic lineages. The lack of the Xist-repressing imprint in the postimplantation somatic cells clearly explains how the SCNT embryos undergo ectopic Xist expression. Our data provide a comprehensive view of the XCI cycle in mice, which is essential information for future investigations of XCI mechanisms.
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