Journal
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 134-138Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000003
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Funding
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [U54GM088558]
- National Institutes of Health [R01 AI102634]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI102634, R56AI102634] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [U54GM088558] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The average effect of an infectious disease intervention (eg, a vaccine) varies across populations with different degrees of exposure to the pathogen. As a result, many investigators favor a per-exposure effect measure that is considered independent of the population level of exposure and that can be used in simulations to estimate the total disease burden averted by an intervention across different populations. However, while per-exposure effects are frequently estimated, the quantity of interest is often poorly defined, and assumptions in its calculation are typically left implicit. In this article, we build upon work by Halloran and Struchiner (Epidemiology. 1995;6:142-151) to develop a formal definition of the per-exposure effect and discuss conditions necessary for its unbiased estimation. With greater care paid to the parameterization of transmission models, their results can be better understood and can thereby be of greater value to decision-makers.
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