Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
Volume 33, Issue 9, Pages 2062-2069Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2656
Keywords
Pyrene; Urine metabolite; Mammal; Interspecific difference
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [24248056, 24405004, 26304043]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24405004, 26304043, 25892001, 15K12213, 15H02825] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Interspecific differences in xenobiotic metabolism are a key to determining relative sensitivities of animals to xenobiotics. However, information on domesticated livestock, companion animals, and captive and free-ranging wildlife is incomplete. The present study evaluated interspecific differences in phase II conjugation using pyrene as a nondestructive biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites have carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting effects in humans and wildlife and can have serious consequences. The authors collected urine from 16 mammalian species and analyzed pyrene metabolites. Interspecific differences in urinary pyrene metabolites, especially in the concentration and composition of phase II conjugated metabolites, were apparent. Glucuronide conjugates are dominant metabolites in the urine of many species, including deer, cattle, pigs, horses, and humans. However, they could not be detected in ferret urine even though the gene for ferret Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) 1A6 is not a pseudogene. Sulfate conjugates were detected mainly in the urine of cats, ferrets, and rabbits. Interestingly, sulfate conjugates were detected in pig urine. Although pigs are known to have limited aryl sulfotransferase activity, the present study demonstrated that pig liver was active in 1-hydroxypyrene sulfation. The findings have some application for biomonitoring environmental pollution. (c) 2014 SETAC
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