Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
Volume 32, Issue 2, Pages 361-369Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2051
Keywords
Critical body residue; Toxicokinetics of PAHs in terrestrial invertebrates; Partitioning-driven administering; Partition-controlled delivery; Chemical activity as a new exposure parameter
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Funding
- European Commission(MODELPROBE) [213161]
- European Commission(OSIRIS) [COGE-037017]
- PhD research program STAiR
- Danish Council for Independent Research [10-084579]
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Passive dosing applies a polymer loaded with test compound(s) to establish and maintain constant exposure in laboratory experiments. Passive dosing with the silicone poly(dimethylsiloxane) was used to control exposure of the terrestrial springtail Folsomia candida to six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bioconcentration and toxicity experiments. Folsomia candida could move freely on the PAH-loaded silicone, resulting in exposure via air and direct contact. The bioconcentration kinetics indicated efficient uptake of naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene through air and (near) equilibrium partitioning of these PAHs to lipids and possibly the waxy layer of the springtail cuticle. Toxicities of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were related to chemical activity, which quantifies the energetic level and drives spontaneous processes including diffusive biouptake. Chemical activityresponse relationships yielded effective lethal chemical activities (La50s) well within the expected range for baseline toxicity (0.010.1). Effective lethal body burdens for naphthalene and pyrene exceeded the expected range of 2 to 8 mmol kg-1 fresh weight, which again indicated the waxy layer to be a sorbing phase. Finally, chemical activities were converted into equilibrium partitioning concentrations in lipids yielding effective lethal concentrations for naphthalene and phenanthrene in good correspondence with the lethal membrane burden for baseline toxicity (40160?mmol kg-1 lipid). Passive dosing was a practical approach for tightly controlling PAH exposure, which in turn provided new experimental possibilities and findings. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:361369. (C) 2012 SETAC
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