Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 109-118Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/tox.21917
Keywords
aluminum oxide; nanoparticles; accumulation; toxicity; oxidative stress; Artemia
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) through Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Program [G12RR013459]
- U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) through the Engineer, Research and Development Center (Vicksburg, MS) [W912HZ-10-2-0045]
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In this study, Artemia salina (crustacean filter feeders) larvae were used as a test model to investigate the toxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) on marine microorganisms. The uptake, toxicity, and elimination of -Al2O3 (50 nm and 3.5 m) and -Al2O3 (5 nm and 0.4 m) NPs were studied. Twenty-four and ninety-six hour exposures of different concentrations of Al2O3 NPs to Artemia larvae were conducted in a seawater medium. When suspended in water, Al2O3 NPs aggregated substantially with the sizes ranging from 6.3 nm to >0.3 mu m for spherical NPs and from 250 to 756 nm for rod-shaped NPs. The phase contrast microscope images showed that NPs deposited inside the guts as aggregates. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis showed that large particles (3.5 m -Al2O3) were not taken up by Artemia, whereas fine NPs (0.4 m -Al2O3) and ultra-fine NPs (5 nm -Al2O3 and 50 nm -Al2O3) accumulated substantially. Differences in toxicity were detected as changing with NP size and morphology. The malondialdehyde levels indicated that smaller -Al2O3 (5 nm) NPs were more toxic than larger -Al2O3 (0.4 mu m) particulates in 96 h. The highest mortality was measured as 34% in 96 h for -Al2O3 NPs (5 nm) at 100 mg/L (LC50 > 100 mg/L). -Al2O3 NPs were more toxic than -Al2O3 NPs at all conditions. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 109-118, 2015.
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