Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 20, Issue 9, Pages 6306-6316Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1680-3
Keywords
Ammonium; Cadmium; Nitrate; Positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS); Sedum plumbizincicola; Transport; Uptake; Xylem sap
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [40930739, 41201300, 41230858]
- Strategic International Cooperative Program, Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science [23380155]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23380155] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The aims of this study are to investigate whether and how the nitrogen form (nitrate (NO3 (-)) versus ammonium (NH4 (+))) influences cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation and subsequent Cd phytoextraction by the hyperaccumulator species Sedum plumbizincicola. Plants were grown hydroponically with N supplied as either NO3 (-) or NH4 (+). Short-term (36 h) Cd uptake and translocation were determined innovatively and quantitatively using a positron-emitting Cd-107 tracer and positron-emitting tracer imaging system. The results show that the rates of Cd uptake by roots and transport to the shoots in the NO3 (-) treatment were more rapid than in the NH4 (+) treatment. After uptake for 36 h, 5.6 (0.056 mu M) and 29.0 % (0.290 mu M) of total Cd in the solution was non-absorbable in the NO3 (-) and NH4 (+) treatments, respectively. The local velocity of Cd transport was approximately 1.5-fold higher in roots (3.30 cm h(-1)) and 3.7-fold higher in shoots (10.10 cm h(-1)) of NO3 (-)- than NH4 (+)-fed plants. Autoradiographic analysis of Cd-109 reveals that NO3 (-) nutrition enhanced Cd transportation from the main stem to branches and young leaves. Moreover, NO3 (-) treatment increased Cd, Ca and K concentrations but inhibited Fe and P in the xylem sap. In a 21-day hydroponic culture, shoot biomass and Cd concentration were 1.51 and 2.63 times higher in NO3 (-)- than in NH4 (+)-fed plants. We conclude that compared with NH4 (+), NO3 (-) promoted the major steps in the transport route followed by Cd from solution to shoots in S. plumbizincicola, namely its uptake by roots, xylem loading, root-to-shoot translocation in the xylem and uploading to the leaves. S. plumbizincicola prefers NO3 (-) nutrition to NH4 (+) for Cd phytoextraction.
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