Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 3115-3121Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1223-3
Keywords
Ozone; beta-blocker; Hydroxyl radical; Aromatic ring opening; Pharmaceuticals
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Funding
- Malaysia Toray Science Foundation (MTSF)
- Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia [FRGS FP018-2008C]
- University of Malaya [UMRG: RG172-12SUS]
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This study investigated the degradation pathway of metoprolol, a widely used beta-blocker, in the ozonation via the identification of generated ozonation by-products (OPs). Structure elucidation of OPs was performed using HPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Seven OPs were identified, and four of these have not been reported elsewhere. Identified OPs of metoprolol included aromatic ring breakdown by-products; aliphatic chain degraded by-products and aromatic ring mono-, di-, and tetrahydroxylated derivatives. Based on the detected OPs, metoprolol could be degraded through aromatic ring opening reaction via reaction with ozone (O-3) and degradation of aliphatic chain and aromatic ring via reaction with hydroxyl radical (aEuro cent OH).
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