Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 48, Issue 16, Pages 9804-9811Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/es5024898
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Funding
- Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NICHD) [N01-HD-3-3355, N01-HD-3-3356, NOH-HD-3-3358, HHSN27500001]
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Oxidative stress has been recognized as one of the most important contributors to infertility in both males and females. Exposure to many environmental chemicals, such as phthalates, has been shown to induce oxidative stress. In a longitudinal study designed to assess exposure to environmental chemicals and fecundity in couples who were planning pregnancy, 894 urine samples were collected from 469 couples from Michigan and Texas during 2005-2009. The concentrations of 14 phthalate metabolites and a marker of oxidative stress, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were determined in these samples. Concentrations, profiles, and estimated daily intakes (DIs) of phthalates were positively associated with 8-OHdG. The median concentrations of monomethyl phthalate (mMP), monoethyl phthalate (mEP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (mCPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (mBP), mono(2-isobutyl) phthalate (miBP), monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP), Sigma(5)mEHP (sum of five metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) and Sigma(14)phthalates (sum of 14 urinary phthalate metabolites) were 0.48, 85.2, 4.50, 7.66, 4.36, 3.80, 54.8, and 249 mu g/g creatinine, respectively. The estimated DI values for DEHP in 39 individuals were above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) reference dose (RfD) of 20 mu g/kg-bw/clay. The mean and median concentrations of 8-OHdG were 6.02 and 3.13 mu g/g creatinine, respectively, which were significantly higher in females than in males. Statistically significant associations were found between 8-OHdG and urinary concentrations of mEP, and Sigma(5)mEHP for females. Similarly, a significant association was found between 8-OHdG and DIs estimated for select phthalates. Our results suggested that phthalate exposure increases oxidative stress, which can be a mechanism for the diminished fertility observed in couples who were highly exposed to select phthalates.
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