Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 46, Issue 13, Pages 6934-6941Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/es202009h
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Funding
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure
- Direct For Biological Sciences [830093] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Aggregation of photocatalytic semiconductors was determined to reduce the generation of free hydroxyl radicals in aqueous suspensions in a fashion dependent on aggregate size and structure. Static light scattering measurements were used to follow temporal changes in the fractal dimension of aggregating TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. At length scales comparable to nanoparticle size, the structure of aggregated TiO2 nanoparticles was independent of particle stability and the associated aggregation rate, consistent with the fused nature of TiO2 primary particles in the initial suspension. In contrast, ZnO aggregates were characterized by smaller fractal dimensions when ionic strength, and the resulting aggregation rate, were increased. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO and TiO2 in generating free hydroxyl radicals varied with aggregate structure and size, consistent with theory that predicts reduced reactivity as aggregates become larger and more dense.
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