Ozonation of Wastewater: Rate of Ozone Consumption and Hydroxyl Radical Yield

For the prediction of the elimination efficiency of micropollutants from wastewater by ozone, the ozone rate constants of the micropollutants and the kinetics of the reaction of ozone with wastewater must be known. The latter is multiphasic with k = 0.071 (mg DOQ)(-1) s(-1) for the first mg/L ozone (at a DOC of 7.2 mg/L) followed by 0.011 (mg DOC)(-1) s(-1) the next 5 mg/L ozone and the k = 0.0019 (mg DOC)(-1) s(-1) for subsequent 4 mg/L ozone as determined by stopped-flow and batch-quench methods. An analysis of gel permeation and UV absorption data indicates that the wastewater DOC is largely polymeric, and at 12 mg/L the concentration of its subunits must be near 100 mu M with epsilon(254 nm) approximate to 3000 M(-1) cm(-1). The center dot OH radical yield as determined by the tertiary butanol assay is similar to 13%. From its dose dependence, it follows that new center dot OH-generating sites are formed during ozonation. The center dot OH scavenging capacity of the wastewater DOC has been determined at 3 x 10(4) (mg DOC)(-1) s(-1). The contribution of bicarbonate to the OH scavenging capacity is small in comparison, similar to 10% of DOC. Simulations indicate that at 5 mg/L ozone only the most reactive (k > 3 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1)) micropollutants; are fully eliminated but at 10 mg/L ozone the slow ozone decay starts to contribute and even the much less reactive ones (k = 300 M(-1) s(-1)) are oxidized (25% remaining).