Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue 2, Pages 516-521Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/es703004h
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Funding
- Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) [KRF-2007-521-D00106]
- Korean Government (MEST) [R0A-2008-000-20117-0]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [R0A-2008-000-20117-0] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Ionic liquids (ILs) are low melting organic salts that potentially comprise wide application due to their fascinating properties and have emerged as promising green replacements for volatile organic solvents. Despite their nonmeasurable vapor pressure, some quantities of ILs will soon be present in effluent discharges since they do have significant solubility in water. Recently, the toxic effects of Ils toward aquatic communities have been intensively investigated, but little information is available concerning the biodegradable properties of these compounds. The objective of this study was to identify the metabolites generated during the biotransformation of 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium by microorganisms in aerobic activated sludge. The obtained results revealed that the alkylpyridinium salt was metabolized through the sequential oxidization in different positions of the alkyl side chains. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass-spectrometry analyses demonstrated that this biodegradation led to the formation of 1-hydroxybutyl-3-methylpyridinium, 1-(2-hydroxybutal)-3-methylpyridinium,1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyddinium, and methylpyridine. On the basis of these intermediate products, biodegradation pathways were also suggested. These findings provide the basic information that might be useful for assessing the factors related to the environmental fate and behavior of this commonly used pyridinium IL
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