Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 42, Issue 17, Pages 6619-6624Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/es800393e
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Funding
- Mexican Metropolitan Environmental Commission
- National Science Foundation [ATM-0528227, ATM-0449815, ATM-0528634]
- Department of Energy [Award DE-FG02-05ER63980]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63981]
- U.S. EPA STAR [RD-83216101-0]
- ASP/OBER DOE
- Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL0]
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A multifaceted approach to atmospheric aerosol analysis is often desirable infield studies where an understanding of technical comparability among different measurement techniques is essential. Herein, we report quantitative intercomparisons of particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and proton elastic scattering analysis (PESA), performed offline under a vacuum, with analysis by aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) carried out in real-time during the MCMA-2003 Field Campaign in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Good agreement was observed for mass concentrations of PIXE-measured sulfur (assuming it was dominated by SO42-) and AMS-measured sulfate during most of the campaign. PESA-measured hydrogen mass was separated into sulfate H and organic H mass fractions, assuming the only major contributions were (NH4)(2)SO4 and organic compounds. Comparison of the organic H mass with AMS organic aerosol measurements indicates that about 75% of the mass of these species evaporated under a vacuum. However similar to 25% of the organics does remain under a vacuum, which is only possible with low-vapor-pressure compounds, and which supports the presence of high-molecular-weight or highly oxidized organics consistent with atmospheric aging. Approximately 10% of the chloride detected by AMS was measured by PIXE, possibly in the form of metal-chloride complexes, while the majority of Cl was likely present as more volatile species including NH4Cl. This is the first comparison of PIXE/PESA and AMS and, to our knowledge, also the first report of PESA hydrogen measurements for urban organic aerosols.
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