In vitro studies on mangiferin protection against cadmium-induced human renal endothelial damage and cell death via the MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways

The therapeutic effects of the natural antioxidant mangiferin (a xanthonoid and potent oxygen free radical scavenger), which is widely distributed in mango fruit, against CdCl2-induced toxicity in human renal glomerulus endothelial cells (HRGEC) were investigated. The viability of HREGCs that were treated with CdCl2 (25 mu mol) and co-treated with mangiferin (75 mu mol) for 24h was measured by crystal violet dye. The exposure of human glomerulus renal endothelial cells to cadmium promotes a polarized apical secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, two pivotal proinflammatory cytokines known to play a significant role in renal inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion by human renal glomerulus endothelial cells could be the result of cadmium-induced IL-6 secretion via an NF-B-dependent pathway. However, IL-8 secretion involves the phosphor-JNK phospho-p38 signaling pathway. The results of the current study reveal that mangiferin could prevent both cadmium-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by human glomerulus endothelial cells and be used to prevent renal inflammation.