Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034006
Keywords
lidar; wind turbine wakes; surface temperature profiles; turbulence intensity; wind shear
Funding
- National Science Foundation [1067007]
- Department of Energy [DE-EE0005379]
- Nell J Redfield Foundation
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1067007] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1464383] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Observations of wakes from individual wind turbines and a multi-megawatt wind energy installation in the Midwestern US indicate that directly downstream of a turbine (at a distance of 190 m, or 2.4 rotor diameters (D)), there is a clear impact on wind speed and turbulence intensity (TI) throughout the rotor swept area. However, at a downwind distance of 2.1 km (26 D downstream of the closest wind turbine) the wake of the whole wind farm is not evident. There is no significant reduction of hub-height wind speed or increase in TI especially during daytime. Thus, in high turbulence regimes even very large wind installations may have only a modest impact on downstream flow fields. No impact is observable in daytime vertical potential temperature gradients at downwind distances of >2 km, but at night the presence of the wind farm does significantly decrease the vertical gradients of potential temperature (though the profile remains stably stratified), largely by increasing the temperature at 2 m.
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