Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 172, Issue -, Pages 23-32Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.013
Keywords
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; Antioxidant system; Erythromycin; Ciprofloxacin; Sulfamethoxazole
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Funding
- National Science Foundation Committee of China [2012BAC07B05]
- Jinan University [21612106]
- National Natural Science Foundation-Guangdong Province [U0633002]
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We tested antioxidant responses of the green microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata exposed to different concentrations of the three antibiotics erythromycin (ETM), ciprofloxacin (CPF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). Measurements included the level of lipid peroxidation, the total antioxidative capacity and three major antioxidant mechanisms: the ascorbate glutathione cycle, the xanthophyll cycle and the enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Three antibiotics significantly affect the antioxidant system of P. subcapitata, but in different ways the alga was more tolerant to CPF and SMZ exposures than to ETM exposure. ETM caused reductions in AsA and GSH biosynthesis, ascorbate glutathione cycle, xanthophylls cycle and antioxidant enzyme activities. The toxicity of CPF seems to be mainly overcome via induction of the ascorbate glutathione cycle and CAT, SOD and GPX activities, while the toxicity of SMZ on the photosynthetic apparatus is predominantly reduced by the xanthophyll cycle and GST activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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