Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 163, Issue -, Pages 287-303Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.034
Keywords
Emerging contaminants; Review; Groundwater; Pharmaceuticals; Occurrence
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Funding
- Carnot Institute at BRGM [2010-28]
- BGS
- Natural Environment Research Council [bgs05007] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [bgs05007] Funding Source: UKRI
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Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) detected in groundwater may have adverse effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems. This paper reviews the existing occurrence data in groundwater for a range of EOCs including pharmaceutical, personal care, 'life-style' and selected industrial compounds. The main sources and pathways for organic EOCs in groundwater are reviewed, with occurrence data for EOCs in groundwater included from both targeted studies and broad reconnaissance surveys. Nanogram-microgram per litre concentrations are present in groundwater for a large range of EOCs as well as metabolites and transformation products and under certain conditions may pose a threat to freshwater bodies for decades due to relatively long groundwater residence times. In the coming decades, more of these EOCs are likely to have drinking water standards, environmental quality standards and/or groundwater threshold values defined, and therefore a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variation remains a priority. (C) 2012 Natural Environment Research Council. Published by Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
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