Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 158, Issue 5, Pages 1938-1947Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.036
Keywords
Pharmaceuticals; River; Wastewater treatment plant; Occurrence; Fate
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [R01-2007-000-10507-0]
- Ministry of Environment (MOE)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [R01-2007-000-10507-0] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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We measured 25 pharmaceuticals in ten municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), one hospital WWTP and five rivers in Korea. In the municipal WWTP influents, acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine showed relatively high concentrations. The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the wastewater seems to be influenced by production and consumption of pharmaceuticals. The hospital WWTP influent showed higher total concentrations of pharmaceuticals than the municipal WWTPs, and caffeine, ciprofloxacin and acetaminophen were dominant. In the rivers, caffeine was dominant, and the distribution of pharmaceuticals was related to the inflow of the wastewater. In the municipal WWTPs, the concentrations of acetaminophen, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen and gemfibrozil decreased by over 99%. The decrease of these pharmaceuticals occurred mainly during the biological processes. In the physico-chemical processes, the decrease of pharmaceuticals was insignificant except for some cases. In the hospital WWTP, ciprofloxacin, acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen and carbamazepine showed the decrease rates of over 80%. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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