Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 158, Issue 4, Pages 959-968Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.008
Keywords
Betula papyrifera; Clustering; CO2; FACE experiment; Gene expression; Microarray; Ozone; Paper birch
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Gene expression responses of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) leaves to elevated concentrations of CO2 and O-3 were studied with microarray analyses from three time points during the summer of 2004 at Aspen FACE. Microarray data were analyzed with clustering techniques, self-organizing maps. K-means clustering and Sammon's mappings, to detect similar gene expression patterns within sampling times and treatments. Most of the alterations in gene expression were caused by O-3, alone or in combination with CO2. O-3 induced defensive reactions to oxidative stress and earlier leaf senescence, seen as decreased expression of photosynthesis- and carbon fixation-related genes, and increased expression of senescence-associated genes. The effects of elevated CO2 reflected surplus of carbon that was directed to synthesis of secondary compounds. The combined CO2+O-3 treatment resulted in differential gene expression than with individual gas treatments or in changes similar to O-3 treatment, indicating that CO2 cannot totally alleviate the harmful effects of O-3. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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