Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 17, Issue 3, Pages 829-840Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12532
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Funding
- Austrian Science Fund [I482-B09]
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [EEF/10/E011]
- Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [CGL2005-06549-C02-02/ANT]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2012-38909]
- European FEDER funds
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I 482] Funding Source: researchfish
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I482] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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The free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium Polynucleobacter necessarius subspecies asymbioticus (>99% 16S rRNA similarity) represents a taxon with a cosmopolitan distribution and apparently ubiquitous occurrence in lentic freshwater habitats. We tested for intra-taxon biogeographic patterns by combining cultivation-independent and cultivation methods. A culture collection of 204 strains isolated from globally distributed freshwater habitats (Arctic to Antarctica) was investigated for phylogeographic patterns based on sequences of two markers, the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacers and the glutamine synthetase gene (glnA). Genetic distance between isolates showed significant geographic distance-decay patterns for both markers, suggesting that an isolation-by-distance mechanism influences the global phylogeography. Furthermore, a couple of subgroups showed restricted geographic distributions. Strains of one subgroup were exclusively obtained from tropical sites on four continents (pantropical subgroup). Cultivation-independent methods were used to confirm the restricted geographic distributions of two subgroups. The pantropical taxon could be detected in 63% of investigated tropical habitats but not in any of 121 European freshwater samples. Physiological tests indicated that almost all strains of the pantropical subgroup failed to grow at temperatures of 4 degrees C, while strains affiliated with other subgroups showed good growth at this temperature. This suggests that thermal adaptation is involved in phylogeographic structuring of the global Polynucleobacter population.
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