Phytochrome controls conidiation in response to red/far-red light and daylight length and regulates multistress tolerance in Beauveria bassiana

Phytochromes (Phy) in filamentous fungi are Group VIII histidine kinases that share a unique N-terminal photosensory core, but their functions are largely unknown. Here we show that Beauveria bassiana Phy (Bbphy) is functionally vital for growth, conidiation and multistress tolerance of the fungal entomopathogen lacking sexual stage. Colony growth of Delta Bbphy was significantly slower in a nutrition-rich medium but faster in several minimal media. Conidial yield of Delta Bbphy in the rich medium increased at the fitted rate of 3.4 x 10(7) conidia h(-1) white light in the light/dark cycles of 0: 24 to 16: 8 h, decreased greatly in the short-, long-and full-day cycles of red/far-red light, but was unaffected under full-day blue light. Moreover, Delta Bbphy showed higher osmosensitivity, increased antioxidant capability, and decreased conidial thermotolerance and UV-B resistance, accompanied with downregulation of Hog1 phosphorylation and of four Hog1-related genes under osmotic stress, and upregulation of five superoxide dismutases and four catalases under oxidative stress. All the changes were restored by the gene complementation. Taken together, Bbphy controls conidiation by responding to daylight length and red/far-red light and regulates multistress responses perhaps because of an involvement in Hog1 pathway. Our findings highlight diverse functions of Bbphy in B. bassiana.