Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
Volume 122, Issue 11, Pages 1193-1200Publisher
US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307156
Keywords
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Funding
- Marato [081632]
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) Pilot Project Funds
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Pilot Project Funds [AA08_15]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII]
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS) [PI060258]
- Red de Investigacion Cardiovascular-Programa Heracles [RD 12/0042]
- Red de Investigacion en Actividades Preventivas y Promocion de la Salud (RedIAPP) [RD 06/0018]
- Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES) CREAL [0966C0331]
- Young Researchers Exchange Programme of the European Network on Noise and Health (ENNAH)
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Background: Traffic noise has been associated with prevalence of hypertension, but reports are inconsistent for blood pressure (BP). To ascertain noise effects and to disentangle them from those suspected to be from traffic-related air pollution, it may be essential to estimate people's noise exposure indoors in bedrooms. Objectives: We analyzed associations between long-term exposure to indoor traffic noise in bedrooms and prevalent hypertension and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, considering long-term exposure to outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Methods: We evaluated 1,926 cohort participants at baseline (years 2003-2006; Girona, Spain). Outdoor annual average levels of nighttime traffic noise (L-night) and NO2 were estimated at postal addresses with a detailed traffic noise model and a land-use regression model, respectively. Individual indoor traffic Lnight levels were derived from outdoor Lnight with application of insulations provided by reported noise-reducing factors. We assessed associations for hypertension and BP with multi-exposure logistic and linear regression models, respectively. Results: Median levels were 27.1 dB(A) (indoor Lnight), 56.7 dB(A) (outdoor Lnight), and 26.8 mu g/m(3) (NO2). Spearman correlations between outdoor and indoor Lnight with NO2 were 0.75 and 0.23, respectively. Indoor Lnight was associated both with hypertension (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.13) and SBP (beta = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.29, 1.15) per 5 dB(A); and NO2 was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.36), SBP (beta = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.21, 2.25), and DBP (beta = 0.56; 95% CI: -0.03, 1.14) per 10 mu g/m3. In the outdoor noise model, Lnight was associated only with hypertension and NO2 with BP only. The indoor noise-SBP association was stronger and statistically significant with a threshold at 30 dB(A). Conclusion: Long-term exposure to indoor traffic noise was associated with prevalent hypertension and SBP, independently of NO2. Associations were less consistent for outdoor traffic L-night and likely affected by collinearity.
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