Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
Volume 117, Issue 11, Pages 1697-1701Publisher
US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900572
Keywords
air pollution; cardiovascular disease; mortality; particulate matter
Funding
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results program [83054501-0]
- National Cancer Institute [CA87969]
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [1F32 HL083648]
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BACKGROUND: The relationship of fine particulate matter < 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5) air pollution with mortality and cardiovascular disease is well established, with more recent long-term studies reporting larger effect sizes than earlier long-term studies. Some studies have suggested the coarse fraction, particles between 2.5 and 10 mu m (PM10-2.5), may also be important. With respect to mortality and cardiovascular events, questions remain regarding the relative strength of effect sizes for chronic exposure to fine and coarse particles. OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship of chronic PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 exposures with all-cause mortality and fatal and nonfatal incident coronary heart disease (CHD), adjusting for time-varying covariates. METHODs: The current study included women from the Nurses' Health Study living in metropolitan areas of the northeastern and midwestern United States. Follow-up was from 1992 to 2002. We used geographic information systems-based spatial smoothing models to estimate monthly exposures at each participant's residence. RESULTS: We found increased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.54] and fatal CHD (HR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.07-3.78) associated with each 10-mu g/m(3) increase in annual PM2.5 exposure. The association between fatal CHD and PM10-2.5 was weaker. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute to growing evidence that chronic PM2.5 exposure is associated with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
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